
The Empty Seat Problem
India doesn’t have a vehicle shortage. It has a seat shortage in reverse.
Most private cars on Indian roads carry just 1.2–1.5 people. The other seats sit empty. This chronic underutilization of existing vehicle capacity is a root driver of traffic congestion, fuel waste, air pollution, and the extreme heatwaves that have made Indian cities dominate global “hottest places” lists in 2026.



